The practice of English is gaining ground inside organizations. Two highly internationalized French organizations — a transnational corporation and a major university — are used to shed light on two major factors in this process. The first is economic: the goal of avoiding translation costs might favor, or hinder, the penetration of a partner’s language inside an organization. The second has to do with power: a foreign language creates an uncertainty that, to be controlled, calls for language skills. The acceptance of anglicization depends, first of all, on the perception that stakeholders have of its legitimacy and, then, on their competence in English. This view reasserts the role of “rational speakers” in a situation of linguistic change.
Much has beensaid and written aboutwork motivationsince the adventof modern organizations.Managementtheoriesof motivationhave focusedtheir inputon the identification ofexternal stimulithat could beoperated byorganizationsandover,the managers, with a viewto stimulatethe motivation ofindividuals.This article proposesareversalof approach.Work motivationisunderstood asahighlydynamicindividualresulting from the investmentactivitiesof threeregisters:Bonds,InitiativesandAspirations.These threebooksare indispensableto each individualto workand arespecific to each(the contentvaries from one individualto another)and areconstantly changing,asand when theyare actuallyinvested andthat theindividualgets older.This conceptualizationbuildsa new approach tothe management oforganizationalmotivation:the direction itproposesis to makeeach individualworkof boththe guardian andregulatorof itsObligations/ Initiatives/Aspirations.